KINEMATICS OF MACHINERY

KINEMATICS OF MACHINERY                                                                         3  1  0 4

OBJECTIVE

·          To understand the concept of machines, mechanisms and related terminologies.

·          To analyse a mechanism for displacement, velocity and acceleration at any point in a moving link

·          To understand the theory of gears, gear trains and cams

·          To understand the role of friction in drives and brakes.

UNIT I             BASICS OF MECHANISMS                                                             7(L) Definitions – Link, Kinematic pair, Kinematic chain, Mechanism, and Machine. -Degree of  Freedom  –  Mobility  -  Kutzbach  criterion  (Gruebler’s  equation)  -Grashoff's  law- Kinematic Inversions of four-bar chain and slider crank chain - Mechanical Advantage- Transmission angle.

Description  of  common  Mechanisms  -  Offset  slider  mechanism  as  quick  return mechanisms, Pantograph, Straight line generators (Peaucellier and Watt mechanisms), Steering  gear  for  automobile,  Hooke’s  joint,  Toggle   mechanism,   Ratchets   and escapements - Indexing Mechanisms.

UNIT II            KINEMATIC ANALYSIS                                                            10(L)+5(T)

Analysis  of   simple   mechanisms  (Single   slider  crank   mechanism  and  four  bar mechanism) - Graphical Methods for displacement, velocity and acceleration; Shaping machine mechanism - Coincident points – Coriolis acceleration - Analytical method of analysis of slider crank mechanism and four bar mechanism.   Approximate analytical expression for displacement, velocity and acceleration of piston of reciprocating engine mechanism.

UNIT III           KINEMATICS OF CAMS 

NETWORKING RELATED QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS V

351: A customer complains his printer doesn't work but the light is on. What is the first thing you should do to correct the problem?
A: Make sure the printer is on-line.

352: Toner particles have what type of charge?
A: Negative

353: You are testing a household electrical outlet. If you test hot & neutral wires, you should get what reading?
A: 110-120v

353: You are testing a household electrical outlet. If you test hot & ground wires, you should get what reading?
A: 110-120v

354: Which will cause more damage to your computer system components, EMI or ESD?
A: ESD

355: Which components in your PC is most susceptible to ESD damage?
A: CMOS
RAM
I/O controller cards

356: Which COM port does the mouse usually use?
A: COM1

NETWORKING RELATED QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS IV

286: A customer calls and says that his monitor light is on but he has no display. His PC apparently seems to boot OK and is running. What is the first thing you would do?
A: Check the monitor adjustment controls

287: What tool would you use to properly discharge the CRT ?
A: High voltage probe

288: The video BIOS is normally located at what memory address?
A: C0000 - C7FFF

289: What would you use to clean the printhead on a dot-matrix printer ?
A: Denatured Alcohol

290: What size is the FAT for a floppy drive?
A: 12-bit

291: What is the most common way to access the CMOS Setup program?
A: Press DEL key at boot-up

292: How much memory could the 8086 processor address?
A: 1 MB

293: An old IBM PC gives you a POST error code of 1701. What does this point to?
A: Hard Drive Controller

294: Where are the Upper memory blocks located?
A: Reserved Memory

NETWORKING RELATED QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS III

188: Which is both a 16 and 32 bit bus?
A: EISA

189: The DC voltage on most circuit boards is?
A: +5 volts

190: What type of controller will support both internal and external CD-ROMs?
A: SCSI

192: How many pixels does a standard VGA display have in its native graphics mode?
A: 640x480 pixels

193: When the files on your hard drive are not stored in consecutive clusters, it is said to be?
A: Fragmented

194: What command would you type to fine out how much and what type of memory you have available?
A: MEM

195: You just bought a new video card. What is an important question to answer before installing ?
A: What are the available IRQ's

196: How long should you wait for the CRT to discharge before opening the case?
A: 60 minutes or more.

197: What can be used to ensure your power supply is not interrupted?
A: Uninterrupted Power Supply (UPS)

198: When is the risk of ESD the greatest?
A: During low humidity (Dry) and cold.temperatures.

199: A user calls and says his PC was working fine yesterday but he turned on this morning and he is getting an error that reads "Invalid System Disk". What could be the problem?
A: Floppy in drive A:

200: What would it mean if you did not hear any beeps when you boot your computer?
A: Bad or disconnected speaker.

NETWORKING RELATED QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS II

101: Which bus supports both 8 & 16 bit cards?
A: ISA

102: What should the resistance of a good 15amp fuse be?
A: 0

103: How do you disable bus mastering on a notebook?
A: in CMOS

104: What would cause your IP address to change each time you log onto the network?
A: A DHCP server has been installed.

105: Software embedded on motherboard is referred to as?
A: firmware

106: What are the jumpers on a network card used to set?
A: I/O address

107: You want to be sure your PC is connected to the network. What you should do?
A: ping the server

108: Which is not a form of a network?
A: NAN (National area Network:)

109: Which of the following is not a kind of virus?
A: directory

110: What must never be connected to the same UPS the PC is using?
A: laser printer

111: Which of the following is a type of parallel port?
A: ECP

112: Which one of the following uses a DMA channel?
A: Sound Card.

113: When you boot up your computer you get a “Fixed disk” error. What is the cause?
A: Incorrect CMOS settings.

114: What is do you need to connect to a networks resources?
A: access rights

115: What is another name for twisted pair cable?
A: 10baseT

116: What protocol do you use to transfer a file over the Internet?
A: FTP

117: What is ATAPI?
A: Mass storage hard drive

118: What must you have for a PCMCIA card to work?
A: Software Enabler

119: What does LBA do on older PCs?
A: Allows them to access drives over 504 MB.

120: What should you do before taking case off your computer?

NETWORKING RELATED QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS I

51: What should you do before you attempt to discharge a CRT?
A: Turn power off before removing power source.

52: High humidity can cause what type of problem?
A: It can cause electrical current to bleed around the chips causing shorts.

53: When using an anti-static wrist strap, the best place to attach the grounding clip is?
A: To the frame of the PC

54: On a laser printer, what moves the toner from the drum to the paper?
A: Transfer Corona

55: The default I/O address for COM1 is?
A: 3F8

NETWORKING RELATED QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

11: What form of software can also be called firmware?
A: System BIOS

12: What would you set your multimeter to if you wanted to detect an AC ripple?
A: AC Voltage

13: After you install a new floppy drive and restart the system, the floppy drive light stays on constantly and you get an “FDD Controller Failure” POST error. What is the problem?
A: Floppy cable on backwards

14: What type of port communicates information to a peripheral device one bit at a time?
A: Serial port

15: Should you wear a grounding strap when servicing a CRT monitor?
A: No

16: What are the 4 types of DC voltage usually produced by a power supply?
A: +5V
-5V
+12V
-12V

17: If your monitor just shows dots when you turn it on, what is most likely the problem?
A: Bad Video RAM

18: You have 2 hard drives installed on your primary EIDE controller. You install a CD-ROM on your secondary EIDE controller. What jumper setting would you use for the CD-ROM?
A: Master

BACKTRACKING ALGORITHM – KNAPSACK PROBLEM

BACKTRACKING ALGORITHM – KNAPSACK PROBLEM

Aim:

            To write a C program to solve the knapsack problem using backtracking algorithm

Algorithm:

            Step 1: Declare the variables, array size and functions

            Step 2: Get the value of number of objects and size of knapsack

Step 3: Enter weight and profit of objects

Step 4: Assign the initial values

Step 5: Call the necessary function and display the profit

Step 6: End of program

Coding:

DIJKSTRA’S ALGORITHM

DIJKSTRA’S ALGORITHM

Aim

            To implement Dijkstra’s algorithm to find the shortest path.

Algorithm

            Step1: [Include all the header files]

            Step2: Call allSelected( )

            Step3: Call Shortpath( )

            Step4: Access the functions from main

            Step5: End

Algorithm For ALLSELECTED( )

            Step1: Initialise i=0

            Step2: Check whether i<max

            Step3: Check whether Selected[i]=0

                        Return 0

            Step4: Else Return 1

            Step5: Return

Algorithm For SHORTPATH( )

            Step1: Initialise i=0 ,  Check i<max

                       Distance[i]=INFINITE

            Step2: Assign selected[current].distance[0]=0,

                        Current=0

            Step3: While(!allSelected(Selected))

                        Perform(Selected[i]= =0)

                        Current=k

                        Selected[current]=1

                        Print k

Coding:

HASHING TECHNIQUE

HASHING TECHNIQUE

Aim:

            To implement a program using Hashing technique.

Algorithm:

            Step1: Include necessary header files

            Step2: Declare necessary variables

            Step3: Check the value of  *S

                        Then call Insert( )

                            Print “Enter the string”

                        Read S

            Step4: Check the value of *S

            Step5: Then print S by calling hGetVal( )

            Step6: Call PrintHash( )

            Step7: End

Algorithm For hINSERT( ):

            Step1: Allocate memory to pointer

            Step2: Assign index            hGetIndex ( )

            Step3: Assign Ptr            Key         Strdup(key)

                                    Ptr         Val         Val

                                    Ptr         next         h[index]

                                    h[index]        Ptr

            Step4: Print “h[index]=key”

            Step5: Return

Algorithm For hGETVALUE( ):

Step1: [Ptr=h[hGetIndex(key)]]

Step2: If[Ptr && strcmp(Ptr        key)]

                        Then Ptr          Ptr        next

Step3: If[Ptr],Check the value of Ptr

                        [Return Ptr        Val]

Step4: [Return -1]

Algorithm For PRINTHASH( ):